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Citing
Sources in Chemistry
Introduction
What
are citations?
Why
are citations used?
What
is plagiarism?
Where
do citations go in a paper?
Parenthetical
Citations
Reference
Lists
Basic
Citation Elements
Citing
a Journal Article | Book | Book
Chapter | Web Site
Important
Things to Note about Citations
Introduction
The use of
proper and complete
citations is required for Chemistry projects. The standard
citation style
for chemists is the same style used by the American Chemical
Society.
The ACS Style Guide: A Maunual for Authors and Editors, 2nd ed.,
published
by the American Chemical Society, fully describes how to prepare
citations
and reference lists. Examples and references for citations to
typical
works are given in this guide.
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Available at:
Science Reference
QD 8.5 .A25 1997
See Chapter 6:
References
pp. 176 - 279
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Citations
and references
for Chemistry projects should be given as if they are intended for
publication
in an ACS journal, such as The Journal of American Chemical Society.
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What
are citations?
Scholarship
builds on the
work of others. Citations give credit where credit is due.
Citations,
whether in-line in the text of a work or found in a reference list or
bibliography,
note the source of the work, words, ideas, or facts that you use in
your
writing or presentation.
Why
are citations used?
To
give credit to the work of
others
To add
authority and credibility
to your claims
To be
honest about the extent
of your original contribution
To
avoid plagiarism
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What
is plagiarism?
Plagiarism
is when you use
someone else’s ideas, work, or words as if they were your own.
Plagiarism
occurs anytime you do not give credit where credit is due.
Plagiarism
is an ethical and legal issue. Ohio Wesleyan University addresses
plagiarism in the Academic
Honesty Policy.
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Where
do citations go in a paper?
Citations
are made in the
body of the text (parenthetical citation) and grouped together at the
end
of a work (reference list). back
Parenthetical
citations, or in-line citations are made in the text at the
point
where the material is used. Journal articles in analytical
chemistry
use a superscript number at the point cited.
Example:
The
reaction was carried
out using a standard Lever apparatus 5 with modifcations as
described by Grunkemeyer et al. 6-7
Numerical reference citations
are numbered consecutively from the beginning of a paper. When,
occasionally,
a reference is repeated in the text, the original number is used, a new
number is not given.
Use last
names to identify
authors in parenthetical citations. If a work has two authors,
use
both last names linked together with the word "and".
If a
referenced work has
more than two authors, use only the first author followed by the phrase
"et al.:
Examples:
Fike
and Lance 12
determined that....
Vogt
et al. 24
found ....
Sometimes the same first author
publishes different papers on similar topics with different
co-authors.
To reference multiple works by the same principle author use a phrase
such
as "and colleagues" or "and co-workers".
Example:
Brugh
and co-workers
17,
23-25 established ....
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A References
List is given at the conclusion of a work. This list
contains
only the sources actually referenced or cited in the work. If a
source
is consulted but not used or cited in a work, it is not listed in the
References
Cited section.
Basic
Citation Elements
|
Journals
|
Books
|
| author
names |
author
names |
| article
title (if used) |
editor
name (if any) |
| abbreviated
journal title |
book
title |
| year
of publication |
publisher |
| volume
number (if any) |
city
of publication |
| pagination
of cited article |
year
of publication |
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The
Reference List is numbered,
in order, with reference numbers corrosponding to their
appearance
in the text. Some journals use a very brief format for the
reference
list where the title of journal articles or chapters in edited volumes
are omitted. For most Chemistry assignments, please include the
title of all articles,
books, and chapters in edited volumes. Use the following examples
as a guide:
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Journal
Article
Citation Diagram
Author 1; Author 2; Author 3. Title
of Article.
Journal Abbreviation Year,
Volume, Inclusive Pagination.
Ehara, Y.; Sakamoto, K.; Marumo,
Y. A method
for forensic identification
of vegetable oil stains: Rapid analysis of carboxylic acids with
with
methyl esterfication using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. J. Foren. Sci. 2001,
46,
1462-1469.
Book
Citation Diagram
Author 1; Author 2; etc. Book
Title; Publisher:
Place of Publication, Year;
Inclusive Pagination.
Dodd,
J.S. The
ACS Style Guide, 2nd. ed.; ACS: Washington, D.C., 1997, 173-229.
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Edited
Volume Citation Diagram
Author
1; Author 2;
etc. Chapter Title. In Book Title; Editor 1,
Editor 2, etc., Eds.; Series Information (if any);Publisher: Place
of Publication, Year; Inclusive Pagination.
Paulsen,
H.; Trautwein, A.X. Density Functional Theory Calculations for Spin
Crossover
Complexes. In Spin Crossover in Transition
Metal
Compounds III; Gutlich, P. Goodwin, H.A., Eds,; Topics in Current
Chemistry
Series 235; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2004; 197-220
Web
Site Citation Diagram
Author
(if any).
Title of Site. URL (accessed date),
NIST
Chemistry WebBook. http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ (April 2005).
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Important
Things to Note about Citations
journal
titles are usually capitilized
sentence-style
book
titles are usually capitalized
book-title style
journal
names are always abbreviated
authors
are generally identified
by last name and first initials
pay
attention to punctuation
placement - periods, commas, semi-colons
pay
attention to italics and
bolding
reference
lists usually have
the second line of entry indented, though this can vary with publication
URLs
can be cumbersome, it is
not necessary to indent the second line of these entries
Article
titles are often omitted
from reference list entries - this varies by publication
the
rule of thumb is to give
only enough information that the reference may be easily located - and
to be consistent in style.
The ACS
Style Guide is an
excellent resource - use it!
Dodd,
J.S. Ed. The
ACS Style Guide, 2nd. ed.; ACS: Washington, D.C., 1997.
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This
page was prepared by
Deborah
Carter Peoples
Ohio Wesleyan
University Libraries
Last updated
May 25, 2005
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