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Citing Sources in Chemistry
Introduction
What are citations?
Why are citations used?
What is plagiarism?
Where do citations go in a paper?
Parenthetical Citations
Reference
Lists
Basic Citation Elements
Citing a Journal Article | Book | Book Chapter | Web Site
Important Things to Note about Citations
Introduction
The use of proper and complete citations is required for Chemistry
projects. The citation style for this course is the same
style used by the American Chemical Society. The ACS Style
Guide: A Maunual for Authors and Editors, 2nd ed., published by
the American Chemical Society, fully describes how to prepare
citations and reference lists. Examples and references for
citations to typical works are given in this guide.
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Available
at:
Science Reference
QD 8.5 .A25 1997
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Citations and
references for Chem360 projects should be given as if they are
intended for publication in an ACS journal, such as The Journal
of American Chemical Society.
What are citations?
Scholarship builds on the work of others. Citations give
credit where credit is due. Citations, whether in-line in the
text of a work or found in a reference list or bibliography,
note the source of the work, words, ideas, or facts that you
use in your writing or presentation.
Why are citations used?
To give credit
to the work of others
To add authority
and credibility to your claims
To be honest
about the extent of your original contribution
To avoid plagiarism
What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is when you use someone else’s ideas, work,
or words as if they were your own. Plagiarism occurs anytime
you do not give credit where credit is due. Plagiarism
is an ethical and legal issue. Ohio Wesleyan University
addresses plagiarism in the Academic Honesty Policy.
Where do citations go in a paper?
Citations are made in the body of the text (parenthetical citation)
and grouped together at the end of a work (reference list).
Parenthetical citations, or in-line citations
are made in the text at the point where the material is used.
Journal articles in analytical chemistry use a superscript number
at the point cited.
Example:
The reaction was carried
out using a standard Lever apparatus 5 with modifcations
as described by Grunkemeyer et al. 6-7
Numerical reference citations are
numbered consecutively from the beginning of a paper. When,
occasionally, a reference is repeated in the text, the original
number is used, a new number is not given.
Use last names
to identify authors in parenthetical citations. If a work
has two authors, use both last names linked together with the
word "and".
If a referenced
work has more than two authors, use only the first author followed
by the phrase "et al.:
Examples:
Fike and Lance 12
determined that....
Vogt et al. 24
found ....
Sometimes the same first author publishes different papers on
similar topics with different co-authors. To reference multiple
works by the same principle author use a phrase such as "and
colleagues" or "and co-workers".
Example:
Brugh and co-workers 17,
23-25 established ....
A References List
is given at the conclusion of a work. This list contains
only the sources actually referenced or cited in the work.
If a source is consulted but not used or cited in a work, it
is not listed in the References Cited section.
Basic Citation Elements
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Journals
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Books
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| author
names |
author
names |
| article
title (if used) |
editor
name (if any) |
| abbreviated
journal title |
book title |
| year of
publication |
publisher |
| volume
number (if any) |
city of
publication |
| pagination
of cited article |
year of
publication |
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The Reference List is numbered, in order, with reference
numbers corrosponding to their appearance in the text.
Some journals use a very brief format for the reference list
where the title of journal articles or chapters in edited volumes
are omitted. For Chem360, please include the title of
all articles, books, and chapters in edited volumes. Use
the following examples as a guide:
Journal Article
Author 1; Author 2; Author 3. Title of Article.
Journal Abbreviation Year, Volume,
Inclusive Pagination.
Ehara, Y.; Sakamoto, K.; Marumo, Y.
A method for forensic identification of vegetable oil stains: Rapid analysis of carboxylic acids
with with methyl esterfication using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. J. Foren. Sci. 2001,
46, 1462-1469.
Book
Author 1; Author 2; etc. Book Title; Publisher:
Place of Publication, Year; Inclusive Pagination.
Dodd, J.S.
The ACS Style Guide, 2nd. ed.; ACS: Washington, D.C.,
1997, 173-229.
Edited Volume
Author 1; Author 2; etc. Chapter Title. In Book Title;
Editor 1,
Editor
2, etc., Eds.; Series Information (if any);Publisher: Place
of Publication,
Year; Inclusive Pagination.
Adams, M.R;
Garton, A., Eds; Far-Ultraviolet Degredation of Selected
Polymers.
In Polymer Durability: Degredation, Stabilizatioon,
and
Lifetime Prediction; Clough, R.L., Billingham, N.C.,
Gillen,
K.T., Rds.; Advances in Chemistry Series 249;
ACS:
Washington, DC. 1996, 139-158.
Web Site
Author (if any). Title of Site. URL (accessed date),
Peoples, D.C.
Resources for Chemistry 360 Instrumental Analysis.
http://library.owu.edu/science/c360main.html (September 2, 2002).
Important Things to Note about
Citations
journal titles
are usually capitilized sentence-style
book titles
are usually capitalized book-title style
journal names
are always abbreviated
authors are
generally identified by last name and first initials
pay attention
to punctuation placement - periods, commas, semi-colons
pay attention
to italics and bolding
reference lists
usually have the second line of entry indented, though this
can vary with publication
URLs can be
cumbersome, it is not necessary to indent the second line
of these entries
Article titles
are often omitted from reference list entries - this varies
by publication
the rule of
thumb is to give only enough information that the reference
may be easily located - and to be consistent in style.
The ACS Style Guide is an excellent
resource - use it!
Dodd, J.S. Ed. The
ACS Style Guide, 2nd. ed.; ACS: Washington, D.C., 1997.
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